Compare And Contrast Lions And Tigers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thoroughly analyze Lions And Tigers - Essay Example The paper talks about that the two lions and tigers happen to be enormous felines that share numerous similitudes and will in general vary in numerous perspectives. Lions will in general be the biggest individuals in the feline family that are found in Asia and Africa. Lions are for the most part yellowish earthy colored in shading with no curious highlights on their skin. Lions are bad swimmers (Robinson 46). Lions typically live in families called sentiments of pride, in which both the male and females partake in raising fledglings (Robinson 47). At the point when another lion assumes control over a pride, he murders the offspring conceived of the past male that drove the pride (Robinson 48). Tigers are enormous felines for the most part found in Asia (Robinson 131). Tigers have a striped cover up and are for the most part yellowish earthy colored or white. Tigers are acceptable swimmers. As opposed to lions, the tigers don't live in sentiments of pride however will in general be distant from everyone else, with the exception of during the mating season (Robinson 131). The minding of the fledglings is generally limited to the female. Tigers however being regional don't slaughter the offspring conceived of different tigers while seeking a female. Lions and tigers both have a place with the feline family. Lions are for the most part found in Asia and Africa while the tigers are limited to Asia as it were. Lions are single hued while the tigers have a striped cover up. Lions and tigers both happen to be regional. In mating season lions slaughter the fledglings conceived of different guys, while tigers don't do as such. Tigers, in contrast to lions, are acceptable swimmers. Lions and tigers both happen to be individuals from the feline family sharing numerous likenesses and contrasts.

Mrs.Daas Free Essays

Mediator of Maladies Good Evening, My name is Trisha Hariramani. An understudy of The Cathedral Vidya School Lonavala Batch IBDP1 doing my English SL in the A1 course will introduce my individual oral introduction on the Character of Mrs. Das in the short story of The Interpreter of Maladies. We will compose a custom paper test on Mrs.Daas or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The assortment of stories manages the regular day to day existences of Indians abroad (for the most part Bengali migrants), as they go out into the New World with their Indian Diasporas within reach. Jhumpa Lahiri reveals to us stories of entangled conjugal relationship, betrayal and the forces of endurance. Her short stories, Interpreter of ailments, the favored house, Mrs. sen, and the treatment of Bibi haldar, are solely about ladies seen through the eyes of a third individual. Every one of these female characters has the basic theme of avoidance and partly the interest for satisfaction. I will be exclusively concentrating on Mrs Das’s character, her qualities and character. In this account of social stun, the initial sentences which depicts a harsh fight between Mrs. Das and her significant other over who might take their little girl, Tina, to the washroom, pass on to the peruser that in addition to the fact that she has compelled marriage that her youngsters are a commitment to her. Jhumpa Lahiri develops this underlying impression of appall and delineates Mrs. Das to act naturally charmed. She is depicted to be unconcerned with her environmental factors. For example when the men at the tea slow down attempt and bother or lure her by singing Hindi love tunes she doesn’t pay any psyche whatsoever. Her absence of comprehension of the language uncovers her social mindlessness. To add to this predominant absence the creator depicts Mrs. Das’s physical appearance and feeling of dress eagerly. By doing so she brings out Mrs. Das’s American foundation and childhood. â€Å"Her hair was shorn somewhat longer than her husband’s† instead of the long dark hair of a cliché Indian lady, this demonstrates she is present day and doesn’t have a customary Indian mentality. Lahiri unequivocally depicts the obliviousness of Indians abroad towards their country just as the carelessness of their social qualities. Jhumpa Lahiri could presumably relate or has watched this since she was brought up outside of India. Occurrences, for example, the little boys’ diversion towards the image of â€Å"the elephant god† regularly known as Ganpati, who is one of the gods most popular and generally adored in India delineates how not used to the Das’s were to their Hindu confidence. Another model is when Mr. Das asks about his better half to Tina and alludes to Mrs. Das by her first name , this is a kept to be discourteous in India. The Das’s were obviously visitors in their own nation and hadn’t kept up their Indian Diasporas; these nearby perceptions are made through the eyes of Mr. Kapasi, their visit direct. Mr. Kapasi identifies with Mrs. Das and effectively recognizes indications of the couples stressed marriage. Each relationship experiences hardships however theirs was drawn out, and this played mind-numbingly repetitive in Minas’ mind. She was persuaded that she had dropped out of adoration with her youth darling and it occurred to her that she may have passed up what life brought to the table. She mirrored her life day in a day out in the end dropping out of affection with life also. Mrs. Das was gravely discouraged. We could relate her dietary pattern with this). She accepted that her significant other didn’t suspect or sense their stressed marriage yet I figure he did, he just wouldn't recognize or acknowledge the reality. Their conjugal issues are uncovered through their consistent quarreling, disappointed tones, the lack of concern towards each other just as the extended quiets. More than that is their all out dismissal for each other’s feeling. For example, Mrs. Das had thought Mr. Kapasi second occupation to be sentimental. â€Å"Mr. das extended to take a gander at her. â€Å"What’s so sentimental about it? His tone was vexing. The substance of her maternity is oh dear certain. There are a few cases where she shows a boisterous disposition as a mother. For instance; Not holding Tina’s hand as they strolled to the bathroom, nor did she show who's boss when Tina tinkered with the lock of the vehicle entryway. While applying nail clean her daughter’s irrelevant interest to have some put on her also was turned down. â€Å"Leave me alone,† she said turning her body marginally. â€Å"You’re making me mess up. † Once again communicating her egotistical a ura. In a roundabout way suggesting to the peruser to the peruser that a container of nail paint was more essential to this lady than the one she so affectionately imagined her girl Tina , how the estimation of adoration is lost to the domains of a materialistic article which in actuality is irrelevant, valueless and impermanent. In solid examination, Mr. Das was all the more a dad figure. He put forth an attempt to mind the kids and answer their dewy-looked at inquiries. â€Å"What’s Dallas? † Tina inquired. â€Å"It went off the air,† Mr. Das clarified. â€Å"It’s a network show. † This gives us that Mr. Das doesn’t overlook his kids and that he trains them when required. Don’t contact it† Mr. Das cautioned Ronny. He could see that the young man was interested by the goat and was enticed to go play with it. Shockingly, when the youngster surged over to play with the goat he just scowled and didn’t mediate. Mr. Kapasi thinks t hat its difficult to accept that the Das’s were routinely liable for something besides themselves. This is emotional in light of the fact that this might be unusual to somebody who has been raised in India yet to an American it could be totally ordinary. In the story, Lahiri particularly puts it across to the peruser that they weren’t prepared to assume the job of guardians, and that they were excessively youthful. Mrs. Das sounds increasingly like an adolescent being hauled for a family get-away by her folks. As opposed to a develop parent mindful of her obligations. She came out of taking cover behind her dull earthy colored shades just when Mr. Kapasi uncovered his second occupation as a mediator. The consideration that Mr. Kapasi got inebriated him and made him insane. Much to his dismay that her abrupt enthusiasm for him wasn’t authentic and that she had a ulterior thought process . Her expectations, which were to calm herself of her troublesome mystery, were unmitigatedly put across when the two were disregarded in the vehicle. Mr. Kapasi understands Mrs. Das like an open book now. She admits to him her infidelity, and legitimizes her doings. Her overpowered youth being taken from her, having nobody to trust in following a terrible day, depression, this gives me a feeling of why she acted the manner in which she did and had her unpredictable emotions to discard everything. She was expecting a solution for the manner in which she had felt, sadly Mr. Kapasi had neglected to live up to her desires, she additionally felt offended by what he needed to state to her. This is portrayed by the glare that she gives him. She at that point turns her back to him and escapes the vehicle. Is truly torment you feel, Mrs Das, or is it blame? † Mr. Kapasi unquestionably hadn’t furnished her with a solution for her afflict, however he took care of business. After all he was just an Interpreter of Maladies. I discovered Mrs. Das’s character especially engaging in view of how the story showed her narrow minded and pretentious conduct. Until the finish of the story the purposes behind her terrible conduct is a puzzle to the peruser. As one peruses on you can relate to her as she legitimizes her conduct and communicates her misery and disappointment that she has been smothering for longer than 10 years. I’d like to end with a statement; The most effective method to refer to Mrs.Daas, Papers

Understanding Chionophobia or the Fear of Snow

Understanding Chionophobia or the Fear of Snow Phobias Types Print Understanding Chionophobia or the Fear of Snow By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on February 21, 2020 Cultura RM Exclusive/Hugh Whitaker/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Chionophobia, or intense fear of snow, is a type of phobia categorized as an environmental phobia. Environmental phobias include other weather-related phobias like the  fear of thunderstorms (astraphobia) and the fear of wind (ancraophobia). According to the American Meteorological Society, environmental phobias like chionophobia  are the second most prevalent phobia subtype.?? Overview Chionophobia is not just a dislike of snow or a rational fear of severe weather forecasts. It is an irrational fear of snow that is typically linked to a fear of death or bodily harm.  Though phobias can and do manifest themselves differently in different peoples experiences, there are typically two primary fears behind chionophobia: the fear of becoming snowbound and the fear of being stranded in snow. Symptoms Like all phobias, the fear of snow may cause a variety of symptoms. Paying undue attention to weather reports, refusing to leave home during snowy weather, and experiencing panic attacks are extremely common in people with chionophobia.   Some of the physiological symptoms that a person might experience in response to snow include: Rapid heart rateTremblingShortness of breathA feeling of chokingStomach upsetSweatingTremblingA sense of unreality   For people with true chionophobia, the mere forecast of a winter storm or snowfall can induce physiological symptoms of fear and anxiety-like  cold sweats, panic attacks, and even an unrealistic feeling of doom and dread. Coping The best methods for coping with the fear of snow depend on the severity and the level of impact that your fear has on your life. Some people find that becoming educated about different types of snow and their effects on local conditions can calm their fears. Others find that gradual exposure to winter activities is calming. If your fear is severe or life-limiting, however, seek the guidance of a trained mental health professional. Winter weather is a fact of life in many areas. With proper treatment, there is no reason for this phobia to seriously curtail your life. Treatment Options for Phobias Other Snow-Related Fears Like any phobia, the fear of snow is highly personalized. No two people experience snow phobia in precisely the same way and not all fears related to snow are, in fact, clinical phobias. Nonetheless, the vast majority of known snow-related fears fall into a handful of common categories. Fear of Severe Weather:  The fear of snow is often, although not always, associated with a more generalized weather-related phobia. Lilapsophobia is the fear of severe weather  events,  while astraphobia is the fear of more run-of-the-mill storms. Although snowfall is not generally affiliated with thunder and lightning, these events may certainly occur. For those with a fear of weather-related phenomena, even the possibility of a severe storm may be enough to trigger a  phobic reaction. Fear of Being Trapped:  Avalanches, unstable snow forts, and thin ice are just a few of the potential hazards of winter activities. Most people take precautions to guard against becoming seriously trapped by snow or ice, but for some people, the idea of being trapped is a major anxiety trigger. For people with a strong phobia of being trapped, even the slight sinking feeling of walking through a light layer of snow may be enough to induce a  panic attack. Fear of Injury:  Snowy conditions are often accompanied by ice, which is slick and potentially dangerous, and sometimes covered by a layer of snow. For those who have medical phobias or a fear of being injured, snow may present an anxiety-inducing risk. Some fears of injury due to ice and snow are rational, so its important to note that fears that are rooted in rational considerations are never considered phobias. Fear of Cold:  Hypothermia  and  frostbite  are very real conditions that, if not properly treated, may lead to serious injury or even death. However, they are relatively rare in the modern world except during emergency situations. Particularly in colder climates, clothing, blankets, and emergency heat supplies are readily available and adequate for the prevailing local conditions. Nonetheless, some people have a specific irrational fear of being cold. Known as  cryophobia,  the fear of cold can be paralyzing, inducing sufferers to remain indoors even at great personal cost to relationships and obligations. Fear of Illness:  Remember that old playground advice, dont eat the yellow snow? Although pure, new-fallen snow is relatively safe and clean, snow that has sat on the ground may be contaminated with bodily fluids, chemicals, and numerous other hazards. The risks are minimal, particularly for those who do not make a habit of eating old snow. For those with germ phobia or a tendency to ruminate about possible health concerns, even the slight risks associated with snow may be too much to bear. Fear of Driving:  Winter driving is often tricky and potentially hazardous. Caution is prudent, and most people develop winter driving habits that minimize the risks. For those with a pre-existing fear of driving, however, driving in winter weather may seem impossible. In addition, some people with no fear of driving in mild weather develop a specific phobia of winter driving.

Essay on the downfall of kurtz - 1272 Words

The Downfall of Kurtz Enveloped within Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, Kurtz fails for many reasons and in many ways. Kurtzs failure is especially tragic because he once had the potential for great success. He was an eloquent, powerful, and persuasive speaker who at one point was adored by all the inhabitants of the heart of darkness, the great and mysterious jungle. Everyone from the innocent natives to the administration of his corrupt company was in awe of him. Why then, did someone with such amazing promise fail? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Even from the beginning, Kurtz was made out to be an icon, an idol. To Marlow, he was the only thing that made sense in the company, on a journey, in a wilderness full of confusion. The†¦show more content†¦The manager was continuously described as nothing more than ordinary, thus it was not shocking to learn of the corruption that he encouraged in the company. Mr. Kurtz was the quot;chief of the inner stationquot; (Conrad, pg. 28). He was quot;in charge of a trading post, a very important one, in the true ivory country.quot; Kurtz sent in quot;as much ivory as all the others put togetherquot; (Conrad, pg. 22). The company described him as the quot;best agent, an exceptional man, of the greatest importance to the companyquot; (Conrad, pg. 25). Kurtz went to the jungle for many reasons, but mostly to make money to return to Europe and marry his intended. Marlow quot;heard that her engagement with Kurtz had been disapproved by her people. He wasnt rich enough or something.quot; He had given Marlow quot;some reason to infer that it was his impatience of comparative poverty that drove him out therequot; (Conrad, pg. 74). He had been driven into the jungle to procure money for the company and for himself and for his life with his intended. Greed is what kept him out there so long and clouded his mind regarding thoughts of nobility. Spending so much time in the savage jungle dehumanized Kurtz. He lost sight of the thin line between goodness and corruption, as did many others before him. Kurtz ended up raiding the country on his frequent ivory expeditions. He had a tendency to become cruel, once even threatening to kill his friend, the Russian. This makes the readerShow MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1255 Words   |  6 Pagesof it. Marlow embarked on a spiritual adventure to the Congo, where he witnesses Kurtz, the man he has come so far to meet is engulfed in greed and has the natives look up to him as a godlike figure. Conrad tells the tale of a mans psychological journey in ones mind as he progresses through the jungle. Marlow’s psychological changes become evident when he approaches the heart of darkness and begins to respect Kurtz for his conniving ways in which he used to hate. Conrad tries to show a connectionRead MoreKurtzs Affect on Other Characters in Heart of Darkness Essay56 8 Words   |  3 Pagesamount of time but have a great affect on the story. Kurtz is one of these characters. Kurtz is introduced towards the end of the story but he has an affect on the action, the theme and the other characters development even when he isn’t present. Kurtz is a power hungry man who achieved his power by getting into the ivory business and using shady techniques. He also befriended the natives in the jungle who basically become his slaves. Kurtz is so well known and put on such a pedestal, that noRead MoreHeart of Darkness on the Flaws of Imperial Authority1024 Words   |  4 Pages(page 72). Conrad’s Kurtz is the embodied ment of this statement.Though Kurtz is described as physically weak man, he is able to maintain an enormous amount of power over the indigenous population because he has some type of understanding of their language and through his communication and cultural skills. He is able to benefit from their appreciation of him as an something unique, new, different. Kurtz has become the labeled Other. However throughout the course of the novel Kurtz becomes the unsuspectingRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde And Heart Of Darkness1376 Words   |  6 PagesJasmine Ngo Period 4 AP English IV Thesis: In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Heart of Darkness both Kurtz and Dr. Jekyll demonstrate the ambition for a higher calling from society by crossing the boundary of limitations to exercise the impulses that society restricts. Both Kurtz and Dr. Jekyll reject the rules of society to pursue a life of savagery. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dr. Jekyll desires to relive his past events that are considered unfit of societyRead More Horror of Horrors Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesno law, and, ultimately, redemption. Kurtz and the Ancient Mariner present sin and ambiguous morality in a lawless place. Redemption for the Mariner is given by his penance, while Kurtzs redemption occurs only after his death, through Marlowe. Kurtz, though the things that he does are certainly objectionable, cannot be viewed as a purely evil man. Though he is not entirely good, one â€Å"... cant judge [him] as [one] would an ordinary man ....† (P. 54). Kurtz enters the Congo with only the best ofRead MoreEssay The Bright Side of the Darkness549 Words   |  3 Pagesprogressive. Acknowledging the accomplished helps one to refocus on the problem at hand. In Apocalypse Now, Captain Benjamin Willard is given the task of executing Colonel Walter Kurtz on the basis of insanity. Willard finally meets Kurtz, when he arrives at his compound and he is greeted by â€Å"Kurtz’s children†. After killing Kurtz, Willard finds Kurtz’s manuscript that states â€Å"Drop the bomb. Exterminate them all.† Willard however doesn’t listen to these directions because he realizes that the nativesRead MoreHeros in Heart of Dakness763 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular men stand out; Marlow and Kurtz. Who is the hero; Marlow or Kurtz? Clearly both Marlow and Kurtz are the protagonists of the story; however, protagonist and hero are not always synonymous. Marlow is the hero in the traditional sense of the word, while Kurtz is the more modern hero, often referred to as the anti-hero. Does it really matter the background of a person to determine whether they are a hero or not? Throughout this paper I will prove to you that Kurtz and Marlow both have aspects theRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancement of themes in the novel.   These themes are revealed not through plot, but instead through the symbolic characters and elements present in the narrative.   Joseph Conrads use of symbolism in his portrayal of the Africans, the Company, and Kurtz in Heart of Darkness illustrates the value of had work and self-restraint.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The format of Heart of Darkness is a narrative of the ship captain Charlie Marlows experiences in the Congo Free State, told to companions on a ship moored atRead MoreAnalysis Of Kurtz s The Russian Harlequin 1349 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"harlequin† is devoted to Kurtz, although Kurtz does not reciprocate these same feeling, and he also learns that Kurtz spends the majority of his time with native Africans, raiding various villages for ivory. The man himself shows up, but is a contrast to the previous description of him; he is ghostly, bony and dying; his voice however, is penetrating and booming, and commands the actions of the natives around him. Moments later, a group of natives gather outside the cabin in which Kurtz has been place intoRead More Kurtzs Last Words Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesHeart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad presents the character of Kurtz as a man who is seen differently by all who know him depending on their individual experiences wit h him. His cousin knew him as a man with great musical talent, others knew him as a great leader, and his â€Å"Intended† fiance knew him as an admirable humanitarian; but all of these knew him to be a remarkable genius. When the narrator, Marlow, first hears of him, he is told that Kurtz is known as a great leader destined to hold high positions

What Is the Probability You Just Inhaled a Part of Lincolns Last Breath

Breathe in and then exhale. What is the probability that at least one of the molecules you inhaled was one of the molecules from Abraham Lincoln’s final breath? This is a well-defined event, and so it does have a probability. The question is how likely is this to occur? Pause for a moment and think what number sounds reasonable before reading any further. Assumptions Let’s begin with identifying a few assumptions. These assumptions will help in justifying certain steps in our calculation of this probability. We assume that since Lincoln’s death over 150 years ago the molecules from his last breath are spread out uniformly around the world. A second assumption is that most of these molecules are still part of the atmosphere, and able to be inhaled. It’s worthwhile to note at this point that these two assumptions are what is important, not that the person we are asking the question about. Lincoln could be replaced with Napoleon, Gengis Khan or Joan of Arc. As long as enough time has passed to diffuse the final breath of a person, and for the final breath to escape into the surrounding atmosphere, the following analysis will be valid. Uniform Start by selecting a single molecule. Suppose there are a total of A molecules of air in the world’s atmosphere. Furthermore, suppose that there were B molecules of air exhaled by Lincoln in his final breath. By the uniform assumption, the probability that a single molecule of air that you inhale was part of Lincoln’s last breath is B/A. When we compare the volume of a single breath to the volume of the atmosphere, we see that this is a very small probability. Complement Rule Next we use the complement rule. The probability that any particular molecule that you inhale was not part of Lincoln’s last breath is 1 - B/A. This probability is very large. Multiplication Rule Up until now we only consider one particular molecule. However, one’s final breath contains many molecules of air. Thus we consider several molecules by using the multiplication rule. If we inhale two molecules, the probability that neither were part of Lincoln’s last breath is: (1 - B/A)(1 - B/A) (1 - B/A)2 If we inhale three molecules, the probability that none were part of Lincoln’s last breath is: (1 - B/A)(1 - B/A)(1 - B/A) (1 - B/A)3 In general, if we inhale N molecules, the probability that none were part of Lincoln’s last breath is: (1 - B/A)N. Complement Rule Again We use the complement rule again. The probability that at least one molecule out of N was exhaled by Lincoln is: 1 - (1 - B/A)N. All that remains is to estimate values for A, B and N. Values The volume of the average breath is about 1/30 of a liter, corresponding to 2.2 x 1022 molecules. This gives us a value for both B and N. There are approximately 1044 molecules in the atmosphere, giving us a value for A. When we plug these values into our formula, we end up with a probability that exceeds 99%. Each and every breath that we take is almost certain to contain at least one molecule from Abraham Lincoln’s final breath.

Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control Free Essays

Instrumentation and process control can be traced back many millennia. Some of the early examples are the process of making fire and instruments using the sun and stars, such as Stonehenge. The evolution of instrumentation and process control has undergone several industrial revolutions leading to the complexities of modern day microprocessor-controlled processing. We will write a custom essay sample on Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today’s technological evolution has made it possible to measure parameters deemed impossible only a few years ago.Improvements in accuracy, tighter control, and waste reduction have also been achieved. This book was specifically written as an introduction to modern day industrial instrumentation and process control for the two-year technical, vocational, or degree student, and as a reference manual for managers, engineers, and technicians working in the field of instrumentation and process control. It is anticipated that the prospective student will have a basic understanding of mathematics, electricity, and physics.This course should adequately prepare a prospective technician, or serve as an introduction for a prospective engineer wishing to get a solid basic understanding of instrumentation and process control. Instrumentation and process control involve a wide range of technologies and sciences, and they are used in an unprecedented number of applications. Examples range from the control of heating, cooling, and hot water systems in homes and offices to chemical and automotive instrumentation and process control.This book is designed to cover all aspects of industrial instrume ntation, such as sensing a wide range of variables, the transmission and recording of the sensed signal, controllers for signal evaluation, and the control of the manufacturing process for a quality and uniform product. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to industrial instrumentation. Chapters 2 through 4 refresh the student’s knowledge of basic electricity and introduce electrical circuits for use in instrumentation.Sensors and their use in the measurement of a wide variety of physical variables—such as level, pressure, flow, temperature, humidity, and mechanical measurements—are discussed in Chapters 5 through 10. The use of regulators and actuators for controlling pressure, flow, and the control of the input variables to a process are discussed in xiii Copyright  © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Clicktals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control How to cite Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control, Essays

Food Packaging Labelling and Dietary Guidelines †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Food Packaging Labelling and Dietary Guidelines. Answer: Introduction: An integral part of food processing operation is packaging. (1) Protection of packaged food against mechanical injury and microbial contamination is the main role of food packaging. Packaging also provides protection against moisture attack and oxygen exposure management. Packaging also provides protection against harmful chemicals and sunlight. Canned food products, packed inside the microwavable containers bestow stability against temperature variance. (1) Over the past decades, there have been significant developments in the packaging industry, which has facilitated the development of the minimally processed foods and reduction in the cost of packaging. Pauls PhysiCAL no fat skim milk is retailed in 2 litres of plastic PE (polyethylene) bottle. (2) Plastic bottle is ideal for this liquid no fat milk because it prevents unwanted leakage and the handle of the bottle provides ease of access. The other advantage of plastic bottle is that, it provides protection against microbial contamination, moisture, oxygen, physical damage and sunlight. It is also cost-effective. Moreover, plastic bottle made of PE is light in weight aiding the process of transportation, usage, storage and carriage management. (3) Another striking feature of the plastic bottle is, it is recyclable as denoted by the recyclable sign present over the bottle. However, plastic is produced form the fossil fuels like natural gas, oil and coal and these fuels emit dangerous greenhouse gases and toxic chemicals, polluting the environment. Plastic on decomposition produce methane gas, which have high environmental threats. Plastic, disposed on the water bodies impose threat t o the marine life. (4) Packaging of Bannister Downs fresh milk Bannister Downs fresh milk is retailed in 1 litre pouch pack. (5) The pouch is manufactured out of fully recyclable and eco-friendly plastic which has an amalgamation of 60% calcium carbonate (limestone). Calcium carbonate shares similar composition to glass and hence is capable of maintaining the freshness of the milk. (5) It also easy to dispose as it can be easily crushed or flattened when gets empty. The pouch can also be burnt safely with no emission of harmful gasses. Another advantage of this kind of packaging is, it is microwaveable. The usefulness of pouch pack for this packaging is, it prevents leakage, microbial contamination and easy operation. (5) Non-renewable materials like non-recycled plastic are the principal environmental impact of packaging. Other environmental impacts include emission of harmful fluid, suspended solids, hazardous substance that contaminate land, reactive oxygen species, and ozone layer depleting greenhouse gas. The options for disposal of plastics are biodegradation, recycling, landfilling and incineration. Landfills demands space moreover, the energy contained and chemical constituents of plastic are lost in this disposal route. Incineration returns fractional energy from plastic production but produce, negative health and environmental impacts. (6) Further awareness is required in this field to elucidate renewable approach of plastic disposal has paved the way to generation of renewable plastic. Here in Pauls PhysiCAL no fat skim milk is made of recycled plastic but recycling is a plausible superior solution. Recycled plastics have more microbiological and chemical contaminants than virgin counterparts. Before recycling the bottle, consumers frequently employ empty plastic bottles to mix or dilute pesticides. Even after treatment, traces of pesticide may retain in the plastic, entering the food supply. Recycling also has certain practical challenges like accurate sorting, high price of oil and the nature of the recycled plastic management. Nevertheless, since it is recyclable and biodegradable, it prevents threat of long-term environmental damage. However, biodegradation process is slow, disrupting current recycling stream. Incineration causes release of a greenhouse gas and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polluting the atmosphere. Disposal of PE plastic bottles in landfills is unsustainable and destroys land resources which are otherwise fit for farmin g. (6) Bannister Downs fresh milk is packaged out of unspecified plastic that has a mixture of Calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Calcium carbonate allows polymers to cool and heat fast, resulting in energy savings, improved productivity and faster film conversion. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) film manufactured via amalgamation with calcium carbonate reduces petrochemical and energy usage and thus offering significant environmental benefits. It also minimizes carbon footprint and impact of greenhouse gas on atmosphere. Food Products Labelling Requirement under Australian Legislation Food labelling is done to educate the consumers about the nutritional content of the food and to prevent fraud or deception. It also ensures that the food is safe and wholesome. According to the Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), a label is legal requirement of all packaged food. (8) Important Parameters for Labelling Pauls PhysiCAL no fat skim milk Bannister Downs fresh milk Explanation Name of product Yes Yes Lot ID Yes Yes Name and address of supplier Yes Yes Warnings Yes No There are no specific warning indication against the adverse effect of the over consumption of the milk or whether this milk is suitable for the consumption for children Labelling of ingredients Yes Yes Directions for use and storage Yes Yes Nutrition information panel Yes Yes Legibility requirements Legible Nutritional information not legible The nutritional indication since written in white font over blue background, it is not legible. If the black font colour was used, then the legibility might have increased Country of origin Present Present Table: Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) Food Labelling Parameters (Source: Created by Author) Health claim states that there exist a relationship between the constituents of food and health. According to health claim there are few factors that must be taken into consideration: Nutrient function claims: It describes the role of the nutrient in the growth, physiological development management and normal body functions. Example: Food X is high on nutritional content. Other function claims: Concerned with beneficial features of food in the context of the total diet and biological activity of the body. These claims create positive contribution to health. Examples: Substance A (name) and how it helps in improving one specific physiological process (digestion, food absorption etc.) of the body. Reduction of disease risk claims: Composition of food and how ingredients provide immunogenic protection against certain disease. The documentation of the risk claim must be stated in clear language with proper referencing. Examples: A Nutrient A in diet reduces the risk of disease D. (9) The labelling requirement in the domain of health claims is met by Pauls PhysiCAL no fat skim milk. It states that the milk have 40% extra calcium content than regular milk that promotes the absorption of Vitamin D and also acts as an calcium supplements. (2) However, there are no such specific health claims in Bannister Downs fresh milk. Nutritional Value of Food Products Figure: Pictorial Representation of Australian Guide to Healthy Eating: Visual representation along with proportion of fivedifferent foods, which are recommended for daily consumption. According to AGHE, Australians needs to consume more reduced fat milk. (10) Pauls PhysiCAL no fat skim milk is ultrafiltered skim milk is rich in vitamin D and scores high on calcium content. This ultrafiltered milk promotes faster calcium absorption than regular milk and ensures bone health. Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) is 20ro ml. However, it is not recommended as complete milk for children under 2 years of age. Moreover, AGHE supports, recommends and promotes breastfeeding. (2) Bannister Downs fresh milk on the other hand is homogenised pasteurized milk and is rich in sodium (40mg per100 gram) and calcium (600mg per 100 gram). There is however no specific nutritional benefits and serving details described over the carton. References Paine FA, Paine HY. A handbook of food packaging. Springer Science Business Media; 2012 Dec 6. Pauls - Home [Internet]. Pauls. 2017 [cited 27 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.pauls.com.au/ Ebnesajjad S, editor. Handbook of biopolymers and biodegradable plastics: properties, processing and applications. William Andrew; 2012 Dec 31. Gewert B, Plassmann MM, MacLeod M. Pathways for degradation of plastic polymers floating in the marine environment. Environmental Science: Processes Impacts. 2015;17(9):1513-21. Bannister Downs | Global Leaders in Ethical Dairy [Internet]. Bannisterdowns.com.au. 2017 [cited 27 September 2017]. Available from: https://bannisterdowns.com.au/ North EJ, Halden RU. Plastics and environmental health: the road ahead. Reviews on environmental health. 2013 Apr 1;28(1):1-8. Sun S, Mao LB, Lei Z, Yu SH, Clfen H. Hydrogels from Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and Polyacrylic Acid: Bio?Inspired Materials for Mineral Plastics. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2016 Sep 19;55(39):11765-9. Food Standards Australia New Zealand [Internet]. Foodstandards.gov.au. 2017 [cited 27 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx Nocella G, Kennedy O. Food health claimsWhat consumers understand. Food Policy. 2012 Oct 31;37(5):571-80. Australian Guide to Healthy Eating | Eat For Health [Internet]. Eatforhealth.gov.au. 2017 [cited 27 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/guidelines/australian-guide-healthy-eating